3.5 Combined use of parasitoids and pathogens.Biological control agents of weeds include seed predators, herbivores, and plant pathogens.īiological control can have side-effects on biodiversity through attacks on non-target species by any of the above mechanisms, especially when a species is introduced without a thorough understanding of the possible consequences. Biological control agents of plant diseases are most often referred to as antagonists. Natural enemies of insect pests, also known as biological control agents, include predators, parasitoids, pathogens, and competitors. There are three basic strategies for biological pest control: classical (importation), where a natural enemy of a pest is introduced in the hope of achieving control inductive (augmentation), in which a large population of natural enemies are administered for quick pest control and inoculative (conservation), in which measures are taken to maintain natural enemies through regular reestablishment.
It can be an important component of integrated pest management (IPM) programs. It relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory, or other natural mechanisms, but typically also involves an active human management role. A parasitoid wasp ( Cotesia congregata) adult with pupal cocoons on its host, a tobacco hornworm ( Manduca sexta, green background), an example of a hymenopteran biological control agentīiological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests such as insects, mites, weeds and plant diseases using other organisms.
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